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Oophaga histrionica Care and Breeding
This article provides a comprehensive guide on caring for and breeding Oophaga histrionica, the Harlequin Poison Dart Frog. It covers essential topics like terrarium setup, temperature, humidity, feeding, and breeding behavior, as well as fun facts about this vibrant species.

The Oophaga histrionica, commonly known as the Harlequin Poison Dart Frog, is one of the most visually stunning and sought-after dart frog species. Found in the humid rainforests of Colombia, these frogs are celebrated for their bold coloration and intricate patterns, which vary significantly between morphs. With a size of typically 3-4 cm (0.8–1.6 inches) in length, they display fascinating behaviors, including complex parental care. Males are highly territorial, and we recommend only keeping this species in pairs. If kept in groups, there should be only one male for multiple females.
Care
Terrarium Size
For Oophaga histrionica, a terrarium with a minimum size of 45 x 45 x 45 cm (18 x 18 x 18 inches) is recommended for a single pair. Larger setups allow for better environmental stability and offer sufficient space for these active frogs to explore. Vertical space is essential as they are avid climbers, so include plenty of plants and vertical structures.
Temperature
Maintain daytime temperatures between 22–26°C (72–78°F), with nighttime temperatures dropping slightly to 20–22°C (68–72°F). Avoid extreme heat as these frogs are highly sensitive to overheating. Using a thermostat-controlled heater ensures stable conditions.
Humidity
Humidity levels should remain consistently high, between 80–100%. A misting system or regular manual misting is necessary to maintain moisture. Ensure good airflow to prevent stagnant conditions, which can lead to health issues.
Lighting
Bright, full-spectrum lighting supports both the frogs and the plants in their habitat. While UVB lighting is not strictly necessary, it is highly beneficial and recommended for a few hours weekly to promote overall health.
Feeding
Oophaga histrionica primarily feeds on small invertebrates like flightless fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster and D. hydei), springtails, and pinhead crickets. Offer a variety of prey items dusted with a high-quality calcium and multivitamin supplement to ensure proper nutrition. Feeding should occur 4–5 times weekly.
Breeding
Breeding Setup
For breeding, create a safe and quiet environment with plenty of vertical surfaces for climbing. Males call from exposed areas in the tank to attract females, and once a female is ready to mate, she will walk up to the male and start tapping his back. This signals the male to take the female to a suitable egg-laying site.
Mating Behavior
Males of this species are territorial and will compete with other males for the attention of a female. Once a female is interested, she will pad the male on the back, signaling that she is ready to mate. The male will lead the female to a hidden egg deposition site, often preferring film canisters or similar spaces where the eggs will be protected.
Egg Laying
After mating, the female lays her eggs in secluded locations, typically in moist, sheltered areas. She will deposit several eggs at a time. The male stays close to the female and helps fertilize the eggs.
Tadpole Care
One of the most fascinating aspects of Oophaga histrionica breeding is the tadpoles' feeding behavior. As the species name "Oophaga" suggests, the tadpoles feed on unfertilized eggs provided by the female. About once a week, the female will visit the tadpoles, depositing multiple infertile eggs at each one. The tadpoles consume these eggs along with some of the female’s skin. It is highly recommended to leave the tadpoles in the parents' tank, as the parents will continue to care for them.
While theoretically possible, feeding tadpoles outside of the parents' tank can be challenging. Some hobbyists have had success using egg clutches from other females, but this is not ideal. Additionally, crushed chicken egg yolk has been used in some cases, though it can quickly dirty the water. Tadpoles are cannibalistic, so they must be housed separately if not kept in the parents' tank, but the parents will typically ensure the tadpoles are well-cared for.
Froglet Care
Froglets require a smaller grow-out enclosure with high humidity, plenty of hiding spots, and easy access to food. Start them on tiny springtails and Drosophila melanogaster. Gradually introduce larger prey as they grow, and dust all food items with supplements. Their care mimics adult requirements, but extra attention should be paid to hydration and diet.
Season Cycles
Replicating a seasonal cycle with increased misting and slightly lower temperatures during a simulated rainy season can encourage breeding. Gradually transitioning back to normal conditions helps maintain the frogs’ reproductive health.
Morph Overview
References:
Animal Diversity Web - Oophaga histrionica. Available at: https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Oophaga_histrionica/ (Accessed: 07.01.2025).
DendroBase - Oophaga histrionica. Available at: https://www.dendrobase.de/html/D_oophaga_histrionica.html (Accessed: 07.01.2025).